#contents
* ¤¤¤Ä¤â¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯ [#e31a348b]
¤¤¤Ä¤â¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¤¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Þ¤º¤¤ÅÀ¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¡¤Âбþ¤·¤è¤¦¡¥
¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤°ÊÁ°¤â¼¨¤·¤¿¼¡¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡¥
+ freebsd-update
+ portsnap
+ portaudit
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ¤¿¤À¤·¡¤portaudit ¤Ç½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë·Ù¹ð¤Ë¤¹¤°Âбþ¤¹¤Ù¤¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ÏȽÃǤ¬Æñ¤·¤¤¡¥¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¾å¤ÎÌäÂ꤬¤É¤ì¤¯¤é¤¤¤«¡¤ports Åù¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¥¢¥Ã¥×¤¬´Ö¤Ë¹ç¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¡¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Ëȼ¤¦ÌäÂ̵꤬¤¤¤«Åù¡¹¡¤»öÁ°¤Ë´Êñ¤Ë¤ÇÎɤ¤¤Î¤Ç¸¡Æ¤¤·¤Æ¤«¤éºî¶È¤ò¤·¤è¤¦.
* DNS ¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤Ë¤«? [#d0ce1fac]
º£²ó¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤¿¤é¤·¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ëº¬´´µ»½Ñ¤Î°ì¤Ä¡¤DNS (Domain Name System) ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ³Ø½¬¤·¤è¤¦.
¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¼ø¶ÈÆâÍƤ˲䨤Ƥ³¤Î DNS ¤¬¤ï¤«¤ì¤Ð¡¤¥µ¡¼¥ÐÀßÄê¤Î¡ÖɬÍ׺ÇÄã¸Âʬ¤Î´ðÁáפ¬¤ª¤ª¤è¤½¤ï¤«¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¨¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤((¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¤¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤À¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¥ê¥ó¥°¤À¤Î¡¤¤³¤ÎʬÌî¤ÇÃΤäƤ¤¤¿Êý¤¬¤è¤¤¤³¤È¤Ï̵¸Â¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤.)).
¤µ¤Æ¡¤DNS ¤È¤Ï¥Û¥¹¥È̾(¾ÜºÙ¤Ï¸å½Ò¤¹¤ë)¤È IP address ¤ÎÂбþ¤ò¤Ï¤¸¤á¤È¤¹¤ë¡¤¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¹½Â¤¤ÎÂбþ´Ø·¸¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëʬ»¶¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤È¤½¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î»ÅÁȤߤǤ¢¤ë.
ʬ»¶¤·¤¿µðÂç¤ÊÅÅÏÃÄ¢¤ò»×¤¤É⤫¤Ù¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤À¤í¤¦.
Æüº¢ web ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¤ê¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¤¤½¤ÎÌò³ä¤Ï´û¤Ë¤ª¤è¤½ÃΤäƤ¤¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤È»×¤¦.
#br
CENTER:&ref(./DNS-model.png,80%);
CENTER:DNS ¤Î´ðÁÃŪ¤ÊÌò³ä
#br
°Ê²¼¤Ç¹Ô¤¦¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÎÀßÄê¤â¡¤¾ÜºÙÉôʬ¤ò½ü¤±¤Ð¤½¤ó¤Ê¤ËÆñ¤·¤¯¤Ï¤Ê¤¤((¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë¤È»×¤¦. ¤Þ¤¢¡¤°Ñ¾ù(delegation)¤À¤Î¤Ê¤ó¤À¤Î¤È¸À¤¤½Ð¤¹¤È¸Â¤ê¤Ê¤¯¤ä¤ä¤³¤·¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤Î¤À¤¬¡Ä)).
** ɬ¤º DNS ¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤«? [#x6ea8512]
»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ë·Ò¤°¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¤Þ¤ºÉ¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤è¤¤.
DNS ¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¤½¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ø¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î»ö¼Â¾å¤Î¡ÖÅÅÏÃÄ¢¡×¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë.
¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ÎµðÂ礵¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ë¤È¡¤Â¾¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ç¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ò´°Á´¤ËÂåÍѤ¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤Û¤ÜÉÔ²Äǽ¤À¤í¤¦.
µÕ¤Ë¸À¤¨¤Ð¡¤¡Ö¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ë·Ò¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤ÐÉÔÍפʤ³¤È¤â¤¢¤ë¡×¤Î¤Ç¡¤¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ë·Ò¤¬¤Ê¤¤¾®¤µ¤Ê¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ò¹½À®¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Ï DNS °Ê³°¤ÎÁªÂò»è¤â¸¡Æ¤¤Î;ÃϤ¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò˺¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤.
** /etc/hosts [#eab1fc7c]
¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÎÂбþ¤Ê¤É¤Î¡Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÅÅÏÃÄ¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¡×¤Ï,¡Ö¼«Á°¤Î¥á¥â¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤¯¡×¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë.
¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¤ /etc/hosts ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë½ñ¤¤³¤à¤À¤±¤Ç¤è¤¤.
¤·¤«¤â¤³¤ì¤Ï DNS ¤ÈξΩ¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¥
¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬ÉÔ°ÂÄê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ëµï¤ë¤È¤¤Ë¤Ï·ë¹½Í¸ú¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç³Ð¤¨¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤È¤è¤¤.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); /etc/hosts ¤Ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È IP¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÎÂбþ¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ëÁê¼ê¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¤DNS¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÀܳ¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤âÀܳ¤¬²Äǽ¤À. ¤À¤«¤é¡¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ëÁê¼ê¤Ê¤É¡¤DNS¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¾õÂ֤˴ط¸¤Ê¤¯Àܳ¤·¤¿¤¤Áê¼ê¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï /etc/hosts ¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤âÎɤ¤ÊýË¡¤«¤âÃΤì¤Ê¤¤.
&br;
&ref(/materials/warning.png); /etc/hosts ¤Î¤³¤ÎÊØÍø¤ÊÀ¼Á¤¬¡¤µÕ¤Ë cracker ¤ä virus ¤ËÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë. ÆÃ¤Ë ms-windows ¤Î virus ¤Ë¤Ï /etc/hosts ¤ËÁêÅö¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë(C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts ¤Ê¤É)¤òÊÔ½¸¤·¤Æ virusÂкö¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¥á¡¼¥«¤Î Web ¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¯¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ê¤É¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤ms-windows, MacOS, unix ¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤Î OS ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ë¤»¤è¡¤/etc/hosts ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁêÅö¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃæ¿È¤Ë¤Ï»þ¡¹Ãí°Õ¤òʧ¤Ã¤¿Êý¤¬¤è¤¤.
&br;
¤Ê¤ª¡¤/etc/hosts ¤Î¾ðÊó¤È DNS ¤Ø¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤òÍ¥À褹¤ë¤«¤Ï /etc/nsswitch.conf ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î "hosts" ¹àÌܤ˽ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë½ç½ø¤ÇÀßÄê¤Ç¤¤ë.
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï
hosts: files dns
¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¤/etc/hosts ¤òÍ¥À褹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦ÂÅÅö¤ÊÀßÄê¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë.
&ref(/materials/notes.png); /etc/nsswitch.conf ¤òÆɤó¤Ç¡¤¾å¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦.
** DNS ¤¬¡Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Îʬ»¶¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¡×¤Î·Á¤Ç¤¢¤ëɬÁ³À [#eecc55af]
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ÎµðÂ礵¤È¤½¤ÎÊѲ½¤ÎÁᤵ¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ë¤È¡¤°ì¥«½ê¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò½¸¤á¤Æ¤Î´ÉÍý¤Ï»ö¼Â¾å̵Íý¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ï¤¹¤°¤ï¤«¤ë¤À¤í¤¦.
¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¤Ê¬»¶¤·¤Æ¡¤¤Ê¤ë¤Ù¤¯¸½¾ì¤Ë¶á¤¤Éôʬ¤Ç³Æ¡¹´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¤â¤é¤¦¡Öʬ»¶¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¡×
¤È¤·¤Æ¤Î¤³¤Î·Á¤Ë¼«Á³¤È¹Ô¤Ã夯¤³¤È¤ÏÍý²ò¤Ç¤¤ë¤À¤í¤¦.
** ¥Û¥¹¥È¡¤¥É¥á¥¤¥ó [#te1be59a]
ºåÂç¤Îweb¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï www.osaka-u.ac.jp ¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾¾Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¤¤³¤ì¤òÎã¤Ë¤·¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤è¤¦.
¤Þ¤º¡¤¤³¤ì¤Ï www.osaka-u.ac.jp. ¤ÈºÇ¸å¤Ë¥É¥Ã¥È¤ò¤Ä¤±¤¿É½µ¤¬Àµ¼°¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯.
ºÇ¸å¤Î¥É¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡ÖÈó¾ï¤Ë¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð¡×¾Êά¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë.
Ä̾ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤³¤ì¤Ïµ¤¤Ë¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¤¬¡¤DNS Server ¤ÎÀßÄê¤ÎºÝ¤Ë¤ÏºÇ¸å¤Î¥É¥Ã¥È¤ò¾Êά¤¹¤ë¤È¡Ö´Ö°ã¤¨¡×¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¾ìÌ̤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤ÇÍ×Ãí°Õ¤À.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ÉáÃʤϰռ±¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤è¤¤¤¬¡¤¤³¤Î¡ÖºÇ¸å¤Î¥Ô¥ê¥ª¥É¡×¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯´ÉÍý¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤Á¤³¤Á¤Ë´é¤ò½Ð¤¹¤Î¤ÇÍ×Ãí°Õ¤À.
¤µ¤Æ¼¡¤Ë¤³¤ÎÃæ¿È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¤¤³¤ì¤Ï osaka-u.ac.jp ¤È¤¤¤¦¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ÎÃæ¤Î www ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë.
¤µ¤é¤Ë¥É¥á¥¤¥óÉôʬ¤ò¾Ü¤·¤¯²òÀ⤹¤ë¤È¡¤Àµ³Î¤Ë¤Ï¤³¤ì¤Ï .(¥É¥Ã¥È) ¤Çɽ¤µ¤ì¤ë¥ë¡¼¥È¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ÎÃæ¤Ë jp ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¤¤½¤ÎÃæ¤Ë ac ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¤¤µ¤é¤Ë¤½¤ÎÃæ¤Ë osaka-u ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¹½Â¤¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë.
www.osaka-u.ac.jp. ¤ò¿Þ¤Ç½ñ¤¯¤È¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë(Îò»ËŪ¤Ë ¤è¤ê¡Ö¹¤¤¡×¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ò¾å¤ËÉÁ¤¯).
CENTER:&ref(./domain-structure.png);
³Æ³¬ÁؤˤÏÊ£¿ô(¤È¤¤¤¦¤«Èó¾ï¤Ë¿¤¯¤Î)¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤½¤Î´Ø·¸¤â¤¢¤ï¤»¤ÆÉÁ¤¯¤È¤Ä¤®¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë.
CENTER:&ref(./domain-structure-multi.png);
¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¤www.osaka-u.ac.jp ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¤¥Û¥¹¥È̾+¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤¢¤ï¤»¤¿·Á¤Ç¤Î̾¾Î¤ò FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name)¤È¤¤¤¦.
** DNS ¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î¤ª¤ª¤¶¤Ã¤Ñ¤Ê»ÅÁÈ¤ß [#y8b12d62]
DNS ¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ï¸úΨ¤ä°ÂÁ´À¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¼Â¤Ï·ë¹½Ê£»¨¤Ê»ÅÁȤߤˤʤäƤ¤¤ë¤Î¤À¤¬¡¤Èó¾ï¤ËÂ礶¤Ã¤Ñ¤Ë¸À¤¨¤Ð¡¤³Æ¡¹¤Î³¬ÁؤΥɥᥤ¥ó¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò¼õ¤±»ý¤Ä¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð·²¤¬¤¢¤ê, ¤½¤ì¤é¤¬¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì²¼¤Î³¬ÁؤΥ͡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð·²¤Î̾Á°¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤¬Ê¬»¶¤µ¤ì¤ë·Á¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë.
¤½¤·¤Æ¡¤DNS server ¤Ø¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ï¡¤¾å¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤«¤é½ç¡¹¤Ë¾ðÊó¤òºÆµ¢Åª¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ÆºÇ¸å¤Î¡Ö¾ðÊó¤ËÀÕǤ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð(SOA: Start of Authority. ¡Ö¸¢°Ò¤Î³«»Ï¡×¤Ê¤É¤ÈľÌõ¤µ¤ì¤ë.) ¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¤³¤È)¤«¤éÅú¤¨¤òÆÀ¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë(¸¶Â§¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï).
¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤¬³¬Áع½Â¤¤ò¤â¤Ã¤Æʬ»¶¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¤Ã¯¤¬¤É¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÎÀÕǤ¼Ô¤Ê¤Î¤«¤¬ºÇ½ªÅª¤Ë°ì°Õ¤Ë·è¤Þ¤ê¡¤¤«¤Ä¡¤¤½¤³¤ØÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬¹Ô¤¯¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤¬DNS ¤Î»ÅÁȤߤΤ褯¤Ç¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¢¤ë.
DNS ¤Î»ÅÁȤߤϤ«¤Ê¤ê¸Å¤¤¤ï¤ê¤Ë¡Ö¥·¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ê¤¬¤éÎɤ¯¤Ç¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×.
¤È¤Ï¤¤¤¨º£¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤ÏÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÌäÂ꤬½Ð¤Æ¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¾¯¤·¤º¤Ä²þÁ±¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤À¤í¤¦.
** DNS Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î¼ïÎà(Æó¼ïÎढ¤ë) [#k153aa5f]
DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ø¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ï¡¤Â礶¤Ã¤Ñ¤Ë¸À¤Ã¤ÆÆó¼ïÎढ¤ë.
ʬ¤«¤ê¤Ë¤¯¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤³¤³¤Ç½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦.
: ºÆµ¢ÅªÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤» | ´ÝÅꤲŪÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤». ʹ¤«¤ì¤¿Êý¤Ï¡¤¼«Ê¬¤¬ÃΤé¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¾¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ëʹ¤²ó¤ë¤Ê¤É¤·¤Æ¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¶ìÏ«¤·¤ÆºÇ½ªÅª¤ÊÅú¤¨¤ò½Ð¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤. ¤¿¤À¤·¡¤¤µ¤é¤Ë狼¤Ë´ÝÅꤲ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¥¢¥ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë.
: ÈóºÆµ¢ÅªÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤» | ʹ¤«¤ì¤ëÊý¤ËÉéô¤Î¾¯¤Ê¤¤Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤». ʹ¤«¤ì¤¿Êý¤Ï¡¤¡ÖÅú¤¨¤ò¤º¤Ð¤êÃΤäƤ¤¤ì¤ÐÅú¤¨¤ò¡¤¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¼«Ê¬¤è¤êÅú¤¨¤Ë¶á¤½¤¦¤Ê¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤ì¤Ð¤½¤Î¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò¶µ¤¨¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤è¤¤¡×.
DNS ¤Î»ÅÁȤߤ«¤é¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¡¤¡Ö狼°ì¿Í¤ÏºÆµ¢ÅªÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ËÅú¤¨¤Æ¶ìÏ«¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡×¤Î¤Ç¡¤Ã¯¤¬¤½¤¦¤¹¤ë¤«¤¬¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤È¤Ê¤ë.
Ä̾ï¤Ï¡¤DNS ³¬ÁؤΤʤë¤Ù¤¯²¼¤Ëµï¤ÆºÆµ¢ÅªÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò½èÍý¤Ç¤¤ëǽÎϤΤ¢¤ë¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬(¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ï LAN ¾å¤Î DNS Server)¤¬¼ÂºÝ¤Ë SOA ¤Þ¤ÇºÆµ¢ÅªÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤«¡¤¥¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤ò¸¡º÷¤·¤ÆÅú¤¨¤òÊÖ¤¹¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë.
** DNS ¤«¤éÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¾ðÊó [#j092f47f]
´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤DNS ¤Ç(ľÀܤË)ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¾ðÊó¤Ï
| ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò¼ê¤¬¤«¤ê¤È¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï | ¤½¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ä¡¤¥á¡¼¥ë¤Î°¸Àè¥Û¥¹¥È(¥á¡¼¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð), ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬ÊÌ̾¤À¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤ÏÀµ½à̾(canonical name), Åù |
| IP Address ¤ò¼ê¤¬¤«¤ê¤È¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï | ¤½¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾ |
¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë.
¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¤DNS ¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ë²áÄø¤Ç´ÖÀÜŪ¤Ë¤Ï¤è¤ê¹¤¤¾ðÊó(Î㤨¤Ð¤½¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï¤É¤ì¤«¤Ê¤É)¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë.
¤³¤³¤Ç¡¤¾å¤Î¡ÖÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¾ðÊó¡×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¤¦¾¯¤·¾ðÊó¤òµ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦.
¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¼¡¤Î¡Ö¥ì¥³¡¼¥É̾¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë. ¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¤DNS ¤Ç¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ÎºÝ¤Ë¡¤¡Ö¤½¤Î¾ðÊ󤬲¿¤Ê¤Î¤«¡×¤ò»Ø¤¹½ÅÍפʥ¿¥°¤Ç¤¢¤ë.
| ¥ì¥³¡¼¥É̾ | ²òÀâ |h
| &color(red){SOA}; | ¤½¤Î¾ðÊó¤ÎÀÕǤ¸µ¤Î¾ðÊó. Start of Authority. ÀÕǤ¸µ¥µ¡¼¥Ð̾¡¤´ÉÍý¼Ô¥á¡¼¥ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¡¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ê¥ó¥Ð¡¼, ¼ï¡¹¤Î͸ú´ü¸ÂŤ«¤é¤Ê¤ë. |
| A | IP Address |
| AAAA | IP Address(IPv6) |
| NS | ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð |
| CNAME | ¤½¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤ÎÀµ½à̾(¢â¿¿¤Î̾Á°) |
| MX | ¤½¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹°¸¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬Í褿¤é¤É¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ØÁ÷¤ë¤Ù¤¤«. Í¥Àè½ç°ÌÈÖ¹æ¤Ä¤. |
| PTR | ¥Û¥¹¥È̾ |
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ¸«Æ¨¤·¤¬¤Á¤À¤¬¡¤¾å¤Î SOA ¤Ï¡ÖÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿¾ðÊ󤬤ɤ줯¤é¤¤¿®ÍѤǤ¤ë¤Î¤«¡×¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ëºÝ¤Ë½ÅÍפÀ(¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤â¡¤ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿¾ðÊóÃæ¤Ë SOA ¤¬Ìµ¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤½¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï¥¢¥ä¥Õ¥ä¤Ê²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤½¤³¤½¤³¤¢¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë).
¤¢¤È¡¤DNS ¤Ë¤Ï»þ¡¹ "IN" ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤¬¡¤¤³¤ì¤Ï Internet ¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤Þ¤¢µ¤¤Ë¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤è¤¤.
** Àµ°ú¤ [#t4606e80]
¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤«¤é IP Address ¤ä¾¤Î¾ðÊó¤òÃΤ뤿¤á¤Ë DNS Server ¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤òÀµ°ú¤¤È¤¤¤¦.
Àµ°ú¤¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¥Û¥¹¥È¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¾å¤Ç¤Ï(°ì±þ)¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤.
** µÕ°ú¤ [#n098b95f]
µÕ¤Ë¡¤IP Address ¤«¤é¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ä¾¤Î¾ðÊó¤òÃÎ¤í¤¦¤È¤¹¤ëÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤òµÕ°ú¤¤È¤¤¤¦.
¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¤µÕ°ú¤¤Ïɬ¤º½ÐÍè¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤Ï¤Èµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤.
¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¤µÕ°ú¤½ÐÍè¤Ê¤¤ IP Address ¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â DNS ¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¾å¤ÏÌäÂê¤Ê¤¤.
¤¿¤À¡¤
- ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Ç¤½¤ì¤Ê¤ê¤Ë¤¤Á¤ó¤È¤·¤¿¥µ¡¼¥ÐÅù¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤ÉµÕ°ú¤¤ò¤¤Á¤ó¤ÈÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë
- µÕ°ú¤½ÐÍè¤Ê¤¤¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï¢þ¢þ¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤¡¤¤È¤¤¤¦ÀßÄê¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬·ë¹½¤¢¤ë
- Àµ°ú¤¤ÈµÕ°ú¤¤Î·ë²Ì¤¬À°¹ç¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤µ¤é¤Ë¸·¤·¤¤ÀßÄê¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤â·ë¹½¤¢¤ë
- ƱÍͤΥÁ¥§¥Ã¥¯¤ò¥Ñ¥¹¤·¤Ê¤¤¤ÈÆ°¤«¤Ê¤¤¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤â¤¢¤ë
¤Ê¤É¤Ê¤É¡¤µÕ°ú¤¤ò¤¤Á¤ó¤ÈÀßÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤Èº¤¤ë¾ìÌ̤⤢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤µÕ°ú¤¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¾õ¶·¤ÏÈò¤±¤Æ¤ª¤¤¿¤¤.
//
//
//
* ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ DNS ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤ë [#rcc45803]
** DNS ¤Î¾õÂÖÅù¤òÃΤë¥Ä¡¼¥ë(1) host [#iff72087]
¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÎÀßÄê°ÊÁ°¤Ë¡¤DNS ¾ðÊó¤òÃΤëÊýË¡¤ò°ìÈÌŪ¤ËÃΤäƤª¤³¤¦.
¤¢¤Þ¤êÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë»×¤¦¤¬¡¤"host" ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬Àµ°ú¤¡¤µÕ°ú¤¤È¤â¤ËÊØÍø¤Ë»È¤¨¤ë.
Î㤨¤Ð
host www.osaka-u.ac.jp
¤È¤¹¤ë¤È(Àµ°ú¤)
> www.osaka-u.ac.jp has address 133.1.8.5
¤ÈÅú¤¨ "133.1.8.5" ¤¬Ê֤äƤ¯¤ë¤·,
host 133.1.8.5
¤È¤¹¤ë¤È(µÕ°ú¤)
> 5.8.1.133.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer www.osaka-u.ac.jp.
¤ÈÅú¤¨ "www.osaka-u.ac.jp." ¤¬Ê֤äƤ¯¤ë.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); host ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÏΧµ·¤Ë¤âºÇ¸å¤Ë¥É¥Ã¥È¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ!
¾åµ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó̵¤·¤À¤È host ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¤½¤Ã¤±¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¤"-v" ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¤Ä¤±¤ë¤È¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤È¾ðÊó¤ò½ÐÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë.
Î㤨¤Ð¡¤
host -v www.osaka-u.ac.jp
¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê½ÐÎϤ¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë(·ë²ÌŪ¤Ë A, AAAA, MX ¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¿Ò¤Í¤Æ¤¤¤ë)((»î¤·¤Ë¡¤google public DNS ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤¿Îã)).
> Trying "www.osaka-u.ac.jp"
> ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 45661
> ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
> &br;
> ;; QUESTION SECTION:
> ;www.osaka-u.ac.jp. IN A
> &br;
> ;; ANSWER SECTION:
> www.osaka-u.ac.jp. 62737 IN A 133.1.8.5
> &br;
> Received 51 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53 in 60 ms
> Trying "www.osaka-u.ac.jp"
> ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 48978
> ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
> &br;
> ;; QUESTION SECTION:
> ;www.osaka-u.ac.jp. IN AAAA
> &br;
> ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 143 IN SOA a.osaka-u.ac.jp. root.odins.osaka-u.ac.jp. 2011011800 10800 1800 3600000 259200
> &br;
> Received 84 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53 in 51 ms
> Trying "www.osaka-u.ac.jp"
> ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 33803
> ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
> &br;
> ;; QUESTION SECTION:
> ;www.osaka-u.ac.jp. IN MX
> &br;
> ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 1787 IN SOA a.osaka-u.ac.jp. root.odins.osaka-u.ac.jp. 2011011800 10800 1800 3600000 259200
> &br;
> Received 84 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53 in 51 ms
¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¤DNS Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»·ë²Ìɽ¼¨¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¡¤"IN" ¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð¿ô¥±¥¿¤Î¿ô»ú¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤¬¡¤¤½¤Î¿ô»ú¤Ï¤½¤Î¾ðÊó¤Î»Ä¤ê͸ú´ü¸Â(ÉÃñ°Ì)¡¤¤¤¤ï¤Ð¾ÞÌ£´ü¸Â¤Ç¤¢¤ë.
¾¤Ë¤â¡¤·ë¹½Â¿Íͤʥª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤"man host" ¤È¤·¤ÆÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤È¤è¤¤.
&ref(/materials/notes.png); ¤Þ¤º¤Ï¾å¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ host ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦.
¤Þ¤¿¡¤-v ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë -a ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦.
¤Þ¤¿¡¤Å¬Åö¤Ê¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ËÂФ·¤Æ "host -v" ¤ÇÄ´¤Ù¤¿·ë²Ì¤ò¡¤¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÃ챤ò¸µ¤Ë²ò¼á¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è.
** DNS ¤Î¾õÂÖÅù¤òÃΤë¥Ä¡¼¥ë(2) dig [#ve6ab0ce]
¶áǯ¤Ç¤Ï¡¤DNS Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¼ê¤Ç¹Ô¤¦¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï "dig" ¤¬°ìÈÌŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë.
»È¤¤Êý¤Ï host ¤Ë»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¤è¤êºÙ¤«¤¤((¤È¤¤¤¦¤«ºÙ¤«¤¹¤®¤ë))»ØÄ꤬²Äǽ¤À.
¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï "man dig" ¤È "dig -h" ¤ÇÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤â¤é¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¡¤Â礶¤Ã¤Ñ¤Ë¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ä¤«¤¦.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); "jman dig" ¤È¤Ï¤·¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È! ¤Ê¤¼¤«ÃΤé¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¤dig ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÆüËܸì¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤ÏÁêÅö¤Ë¸Å¤¯¡¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÅù¤¬º£¤Î¤â¤Î¤ÈÁ´¤¯°Û¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤À(Á´ÂΤËÆüËܸì¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤Ï¸Å¤á¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¤dig ¤Î¤½¤ì¤ÏÆä˸Ť¤).
&br;
Ä̾ï¤Îñ¤Ê¤ëÀµ°ú¤¤Ï
dig www.osaka-u.ac.jp
¤Ç¤è¤¤.
ñ¤Ê¤ëµÕ°ú¤¤Ï "-x" ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ
dig -x 133.1.8.5
¤È¤¹¤ë.
Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ë»È¤¦ DNS server ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¤¤¤È¤¤Ï¡¤@¤½¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð ¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¸»úÎó¤ò¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤·¤Æ²Ã¤¨¤ë.
Î㤨¤Ð¡¤¾å¤Î·ë²Ì¤«¤é www.osaka-u.ac.jp ¤Î¾ðÊó¤ÎÀÕǤ¸µ¤Ç¤¢¤ë DNS Server ¤Ï a.osaka-u.ac.jp ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ë¤Î¤Ç((ɬ¤º¤ï¤«¤ë¤È¤Ï¸Â¤é¤Ê¤¤)),¤³¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë²¿¤«¿Ò¤Í¤Æ¤ß¤ë.
dig @a.osaka-u.ac.jp www.osaka-u.ac.jp
¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¤
> ; <<>> DiG 9.6.2-P2 <<>> @a.osaka-u.ac.jp www.osaka-u.ac.jp
> ; (1 server found)
> ;; global options: +cmd
> ;; Got answer:
> ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51292
> ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 2
> ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available
> &br;
> ;; QUESTION SECTION:
> ;www.osaka-u.ac.jp. IN A
> &br;
> ;; ANSWER SECTION:
> www.osaka-u.ac.jp. 259200 IN A 133.1.8.5
> &br;
> ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 259200 IN NS sigw.sinet.ad.jp.
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 259200 IN NS b.osaka-u.ac.jp.
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 259200 IN NS a.osaka-u.ac.jp.
> &br;
> ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
> a.osaka-u.ac.jp. 259200 IN A 133.1.192.3
> b.osaka-u.ac.jp. 259200 IN A 133.1.119.3
> &br;
> ;; Query time: 3 msec
> ;; SERVER: 133.1.192.3#53(133.1.192.3)
> ;; WHEN: Wed Jan 5 20:18:23 2011
> ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 143
¤È¤Ê¤ê¡¤¼«Ê¬¤¬ÀÕǤ¼Ô¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ðÊó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏÁÇľ¤Ë¶µ¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ë(status ¤ËÃíÌܤ»¤è).
&br;
¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¾¯¤·Ä´»Ò¤Ë¤Î¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤Î¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¾¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦.
Î㤨¤Ð¡¤
dig @a.osaka-u.ac.jp www.yahoo.co.jp
¤È¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë. ¤¹¤ë¤È¡¤
> ; <<>> DiG 9.6.2-P2 <<>> @a.osaka-u.ac.jp www.yahoo.co.jp
> ; (1 server found)
> ;; global options: +cmd
> ;; Got answer:
> ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: &color(red){REFUSED};, id: 61423
> ;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
> ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available
> &br;
> ;; QUESTION SECTION:
> ;www.yahoo.co.jp. IN A
> &br;
> ;; Query time: 3 msec
> ;; SERVER: 133.1.192.3#53(133.1.192.3)
> ;; WHEN: Wed Jan 5 20:18:45 2011
> ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 33
¤È¤Ê¤ê("ANSWER SECTION" ¤¬Ìµ¤¤¤³¤È¡¤status ¤¬ "REFUSED" ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¡¤¤Ê¤É¤ËÃíÌܤ»¤è)¡¤¡Ö¤½¤Î¾ðÊó¤ÏËÍ¤Î´É³í¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤è¡×¤È¤¤¤¦ÊÖÅú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ë.
&br;
¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¤DNS Server ¤¬¤É¤¦¤¤¤¦ÆâÍƤˤɤ¦ÊÖÅú¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¤«¤ÏÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»ÆâÍƤȤ½¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÎÀßÄê¤ÈÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ë¿Í¤Î´Ø·¸¤Ë°Í¸¤¹¤ë. ¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï¤¢¤È¤Ç¤ï¤«¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡¥
&br;
¤µ¤Æ¡¤''dig'' ¤Ï ''+trace'' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¤Ä¤±¤ë¤ÈÀ¸¿¿ÌÌÌܤ˼«Ê¬¤¬ºÆµ¢ÅªÆ°ºî¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤Î¤Ç¡¤DNS ¤Î»ÅÁȤߤòÃΤë¤Î¤ËÅԹ礬¤è¤¤.
¤â¤¦¾¯¤·¾Ü¤·¤¯½ñ¤¯¤È¡¤¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÉÕ¤¤Ç¤Î ''dig'' ¤Ï¡¤Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»À襵¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¡ÖÈóºÆµ¢Åª¤ËÅú¤¨¤Æ¤Í¡×¤ÈÍê¤à(¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¤Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò´ÝÅꤲ¤·¤Ê¤¤).
&ref(/materials/warning.png); µÕ¤Ë¸À¤¨¤Ð¡¤Ä̾ï¤Î dig ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¼ÁÌä¤òºÇ´ó¤ê¤Î DNS Server¤Ë¡Ö´ÝÅꤲ¡×¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¡¤¼«Ê¬¤Ï²¿¤â¶ìÏ«¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤À.
&br;
¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¤''+trace'' ¤Ä¤¤Ç ''dig'' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤Ï¡¤³Æ¡¹¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ïñ¤Ë¼ê»ý¤Á¤ÎÃμ±¤ÇºÇ¤â¥Þ¥·¤ÊÅú¤¨¤òÊÖ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤½¤Î²ò¼á¤È¤Ä¤Ê¤®¤¢¤ï¤»¤Ï ''dig'' ¼«¿È¤¬¹Ô¤¦¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë.
Î㤨¤Ð¡¤
dig +trace www.osaka-u.ac.jp
¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¤
> ; <<>> DiG 9.6.2-P2 <<>> +trace www.osaka-u.ac.jp
> ;; global options: +cmd
> . 3103 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
> . 3103 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
> ;; Received 228 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) in 50 ms
> &br;
> jp. 172800 IN NS a.dns.jp.
> jp. 172800 IN NS b.dns.jp.
> jp. 172800 IN NS c.dns.jp.
> jp. 172800 IN NS d.dns.jp.
> jp. 172800 IN NS e.dns.jp.
> jp. 172800 IN NS f.dns.jp.
> jp. 172800 IN NS g.dns.jp.
> ;; Received 431 bytes from 198.41.0.4#53(a.root-servers.net) in 65 ms
> &br;
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 86400 IN NS b.osaka-u.ac.jp.
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 86400 IN NS a.osaka-u.ac.jp.
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 86400 IN NS sigw.sinet.ad.jp.
> ;; Received 127 bytes from 210.138.175.244#53(d.dns.jp) in 18 ms
> &br;
> www.osaka-u.ac.jp. 259200 IN A 133.1.8.5
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 259200 IN NS sigw.sinet.ad.jp.
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 259200 IN NS b.osaka-u.ac.jp.
> osaka-u.ac.jp. 259200 IN NS a.osaka-u.ac.jp.
> ;; Received 143 bytes from 133.1.119.3#53(b.osaka-u.ac.jp) in 3 ms
¤Ê¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÊÖÅú¤¬Ê֤äƤ¯¤ë.
¤³¤ì¤ò¤ß¤ë¤È¡¤
+ »È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð(¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÏÎã¤È¤·¤Æ 8.8.8.8 ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë)¤Ø¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î·ë²Ì¤È¤·¤Æ¤Þ¤º "."(¥ë¡¼¥È¥É¥á¥¤¥ó)ôÅö¤Î NS
¤¬ 13Â椢¤ë¤³¤È¤òÃΤë(¥Õ¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¥ê¥¾¥ë¥Ð¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¥ê¥¾¥ë¥Ð¤Ï¡¤¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤ºÇ½é¤«¤é¤³¤Î 13Âæ¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤ë).
+ ¤½¤Î 13Âæ¤ÎÃæ¤Î a.root-servers.net ¤Ë "jp." ôÅö¤Î NS ¤¬ 7Â椢¤ë¤È¶µ¤¨¤Æ¤â¤é¤Ã¤Æ¡¤
+ ¤½¤Î 7Âæ¤ÎÃæ¤Î d.dns.jp ¤Ë "osaka-u.ac.jp." ôÅö¤Î NS ¤¬ 3Â椢¤ë¤È¶µ¤¨¤Æ¤â¤é¤Ã¤Æ¡¤
+ ¤½¤Î 3Âæ¤ÎÃæ¤Î b.osaka-u.ac.jp ¤Ë www.osaka-u.ac.jp. ¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò¶µ¤¨¤Æ¤â¤é¤Ã¤¿
¤È¤¤¤¦Î®¤ì¤Ç¸¡º÷¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤è¤¯Ê¬¤«¤ë.
¤¿¤À¤·¡¤Ä̾ï¤Ï¡¤¤Ê¤ë¤Ù¤¯¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤òή¤ì¤ë¾ðÊ󤬾¯¤Ê¤¯¤ÆºÑ¤à¤è¤¦¤Ë¥¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤Ê¤É¤ÎÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¹©Éפ¬ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÇϼ¯ÀµÄ¾¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬¿Ê¤à¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤.
*** ¥ë¡¼¥È¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î½ÅÍ×À¤È¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£ [#g7238820]
¤³¤³¤Ç¡¤¾å¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤¤¿¥ë¡¼¥È¥É¥á¥¤¥óôÅö¤Î DNS¥µ¡¼¥Ð(¥ë¡¼¥È¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë)¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æµ½Ò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦.
¤³¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï¡¤DNS ¤ÎÁí¸µÄù¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤³¤ì¤é¤¬¤¤Á¤ó¤Èµ¡Ç½¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬¤¤Á¤ó¤Èµ¡Ç½¤·¤Ê¤¤. &color(red){"The Internet" ¤Î¡ÖÍס×};¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤è¤¤¤À¤í¤¦.
¤Þ¤¿µÕ¤Ë¸À¤¨¤Ð¡¤¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ø¤Î¹¶·â¼Ô¤«¤é¤ß¤ì¤Ð¥ë¡¼¥È¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤³¤½¤¬¹¶·âÂоݤȤ·¤ÆºÇ¤â½ÅÍפʤâ¤Î¤Î°ì¤Ä¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë.
¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¤¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¤âÂ絬ÌϤγƼﹶ·â¤Ë¤¿¤Ó¤¿¤Ó¤µ¤é¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë.
¤·¤«¤·¡¤13Â椬À¤³¦³ÆÃϤ˻¶¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ä»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò¡Ö¤ï¤¶¤È°Û¤Ê¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡×¤³¤È¤Ê¤É¤«¤é»ý¤Á´®¤¨¤Æ¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦Îò»Ë¤¬¤¢¤ë.
&ref(/materials/notes.png); ¥ë¡¼¥È¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç²Ã¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿¹¶·â¤ä¤½¤Î·Ð°Þ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦. ¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤òÊݤĤ¿¤á¤Ë¤É¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤«¤È¤¤¤¦Îɤ¤³Ø½¬»ñÎÁ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ï¤º¤À.
&br;
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¤¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ò»Ù¤¨¤ë¥ë¡¼¥È¥É¥á¥¤¥óôÅö¥µ¡¼¥Ð13((¡Ä¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤â¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬13Âæ¤È¤¤¤¦¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¤³°¤«¤é¤Ï¤½¤¦¸«¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤À¤±¤Ç¡¤¼ÂÂ֤Ϥâ¤Ã¤È¿¤¤))¤Î´ÉÍýµ¡´Ø¤¦¤Á¤ï¤±¤Ï¡¤¤«¤Ä¤Æ¤Ï¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤¬ 10, ÆüËܤ¬ 1, ¥Î¥ë¥¦¥§¡¼¤¬ 1, ¥ª¥é¥ó¥À¤¬ 1 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿(º£¤Ï¤«¤Ê¤êʬô¤¬¤¹¤¹¤ß¡¤1¤Ä¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ò¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤â¤Î¹ñ¤ÎÁÈ¿¥¤Ç»Ù¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êñ½ã¤ÊʬÎà¤ÏÆñ¤·¤¤).
¤³¤¦¤·¤¿¾ðÊó¤Ï http://www.root-servers.org/ ¤Ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤µ¤¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¿Í¤Ï¸«¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦.
** DNS ¤Î¾õÂÖÅù¤òÃΤë¥Ä¡¼¥ë(3) nslookup [#g2f5bc92]
dig ¤¬¹¤¯ÃΤé¤ì¤ëÁ°¤Ï¤è¤¯»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤¬¤³¤Î "nslookup" ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¤¢¤ë.
¤¢¤ë¾ò·ï¤òËþ¤¿¤µ¤Ê¤¤Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¤½¤â¤½¤â¼õ¤±ÉÕ¤±¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ä¡¤¼ÂÁõ¤¬ÃæÅÓȾü¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤É¤«¤é¡ÖÉå¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¤È°¸ý¤ò¸À¤ï¤ì¤¿¤ê¤·¤Æ¤¢¤Þ¤ê»È¤ï¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¤cygwin ¤Ë¤âºÜ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤äÂÐÏå⡼¥É¤Î¤ªµ¤³Ú¤µÅù¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ë¤È¡¤¤Þ¤¢¡¤¤½¤³¤Þ¤Ç¤Ò¤É¤¤¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤(^-^)
&ref(/materials/notes.png); "man nslookup" ¤È¤·¤Æ nslookup ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤òÆɤó¤Ç¤ª¤³¤¦.
// ¤à¤·¤íÄ̾ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤Î¼ÂÍѾå¤Î°ìÈ֤ηçÅÀ¤Ï¡¤(¸Å¤á¤Î nslookup ¤Ç¤Ï)µÕ°ú¤¤¬´Êñ¤Ë¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦(ºÇ¶á¤Î nslookup ¤Ï host ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÅϤ¹¤À¤±¤ÇµÕ°ú¤¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤À.).
&ref(/materials/notes.png); host, dig, nslookup ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤ÇÄ´¤Ù¤¿¸å¡¤¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç(Àµ°ú¤¤Ç)¥ì¥³¡¼¥É A, MX ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤è.
¤Þ¤¿¡¤¤ª¤è¤ÓÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿ IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò¸µ¤ËµÕ°ú¤¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤è.
¤Þ¤¿¡¤¼«Ê¬¤Î·ÈÂӤΥ᡼¥ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò½Ð¤¹¾ì¹ç¡¤¤½¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï¤É¤³¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤è.
//
//
//
* DNS µÕ°ú¤¤Î»ÅÁÈ¤ß [#zd0784ff]
BIND ¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò»Ï¤á¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¤µÕ°ú¤¤Î»ÅÁȤߤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤â¿¨¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦.
¼Â¤Ï¡¤ÍøÍѼԤΤ褯¤¢¤ëľ´¶¤È°Û¤Ê¤ê¡¤DNS ¤ÎµÕ°ú¤(IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤«¤é¾¤Î¾ðÊó¤òÃΤë)¤ËÆÃÊ̤ʻÅÁȤߤÏÍÑ°Õ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤.
IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤â FQDN ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë³¬Áع½Â¤¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¡¤
¡ÖIP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤â¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Î°ì¼ï¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤ß¤Ê¤·¤Æ DNS ¤Î»ÅÁȤߤËʶ¤ì¹þ¤Þ¤»¤ë¡×
¤³¤È¤ÇµÕ°ú¤¤ò¼Â¸½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë.
¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤"in-addr.arpa." ¤È¤¤¤¦µÕ°ú¤ÀìÍѤÎÆÃÊ̤ʥɥᥤ¥ó¤Î²¼¤Ë¡¤IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òµÕ¸þ¤¤Ë¤·¤Æ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È¤ß¤Ê¤·¤Æ DNS ¤Ç¼è¤ê°·¤¦.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¥Ä¥ê¡¼¹½Â¤¤È¡¤IP ¤Î¥Ä¥ê¡¼¹½Â¤¤Î¸þ¤¤¬¡ÖµÕ¡×¤Ê¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤»¤è.
Î㤨¤Ð¡¤192.168.125.91 ¤È¤¤¤¦ IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï¡¤91.125.168.192.in-addr.arpa. ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Ç DNS ¤ÇÅÐÏ¿¡¤¸¡º÷¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë.
CENTER:&ref(./inverse-IPdomain.png);
CENTER:IP ¤¬ 192.168.125.91 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ÎµÕ°ú¤Íѥɥᥤ¥ó¤Î¹½Â¤
&br;
µÕ°ú¤ÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤ÎÃ챤¬É¬ÍפʤΤdzФ¨¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦.
dig ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ê¤É¤Ç¡¤¾å¤Î»ÅÁȤߤò¼Â´¶¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦.
¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤Î㤨¤Ð¥Þ¥·¥ó q01.cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp = 192.168.125.91 ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ
host -t PTR 91.125.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¤
> 91.125.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer q01.cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp.
¤È¤·¤Æ¡¤³Î¤«¤Ë¤³¤Î°ú¤Êý¤ÇÅú¤¨¤¬Ê֤äƤ¯¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ë.
(¤¿¤À¤·¡¤¤³¤ì¤òËè²ó¤ä¤ë¤Î¤ÏÌÌÅݤÀ¤«¤é¤«¡¤¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò¤½¤Î¤Þ¤ÞľÀÜÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤â¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¦¤Ç²ò¼á¤·Ä¾¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë)
ƱÍͤˡ¤dig ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¤â¡¤
dig -t PTR 91.125.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
¤È¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤·¡¤nslookup ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¤â¡¤
nslookup -q=PTR 91.125.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
¤È¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¤ËÜÍè¤Î·Á¤Ç¤ÎµÕ°ú¤¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ¾å¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¤Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¥¿¥¤¥×¤ò¥ì¥³¡¼¥É "PTR" ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¤¤³¤ì¤Ï "ANY" ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¤À¤í¤¦.
&ref(/materials/notes.png); ¼«Ê¬¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¤¾å¤Î host, dig, nslookup ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¤¡¤¼«Ê¬¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó̾¤¬¤¤Á¤ó¤ÈÊ֤äƤ¯¤ë¤«³Î¤«¤á¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦.
* DNS Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ÎÀßÄê [#ee65f9ef]
¥µ¡¼¥Ð BIND¤ÎÀßÄê¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¡¤DNS ¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï FreeBSD ¤Ç¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦.
FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Ï DNS Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¹Ô¤¦»þ¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï´ðËÜŪ¤Ë /etc/resolv.conf ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë½ñ¤¹þ¤à¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë.
¾ÜºÙ¤Ï man resolv.conf ¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï jman resolv.conf ¤È¤·¤Æ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤òÆɤó¤Ç¤â¤é¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤Æ¡¤ºÇÄã¸Â¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦.
| ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó | Îã(¤É¤ì¤â1¹Ô¤Ç½ñ¤«¤ì¤ë) | ÀâÌÀ |h
| nameserver | nameserver 192.168.125.14 | DNS ¤Î(ºÆµ¢Åª)Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»Àè. ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¼õ¤±ÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ëÁê¼ê¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤. nameserver ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï 3¤Ä¤Þ¤Ç»ØÄê¤Ç¤¡¤¾å¤«¤é½ç¤Ë»î¤µ¤ì¤ë. |
| domain | domain cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp | ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾. ¤³¤ì¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤±¤Ð¡¤¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Ë½ê°¤¹¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤ò¸¡º÷¤¹¤ëºÝ¤ËºÇ½é¤Î . °Ê¹ß¤ò¾Êά¤Ç¤¤ë. search ¤È¤ÏÇÓ¾Ū. |
| search | search math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp sci.osaka-u.ac.jp | ¸¡º÷¤ÎºÝ¡¤Êä´°¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È. ¶õÇò¤Ç¶èÀÚ¤ë. domain ¤È¤ÏÇÓ¾Ū. |
&ref(/materials/notes.png); /etc/resolv.conf ¤Î search ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¡¤³èÍѤ·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦.
¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤
> search cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp sci.osaka-u.ac.jp
¤È¤¤¤¦¹Ô¤ò /etc/resolv.conf ¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤¿¸å¡¤
&ref(/materials/warning.png); 1¹Ô¤Ç½ñ¤¯¤³¤È!
host www
¤ä
dig +search -t ANY mail
¤Ê¤É¤È¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); dig ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¡¤¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï search ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò̵»ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç, +search ¤È¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯.
* DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¿½Å²½ [#mb7b458e]
¤µ¤Æ¡¤¤½¤í¤½¤í DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÎÏÃ¤Ë°Ü¤í¤¦.
¤Þ¤º DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¿½Å²½¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦.
DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ÇÈó¾ï¤Ë½ÅÍפÊÌò³ä¤ò²Ì¤¿¤¹¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤¢¤ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¾ðÊó¤ò¸øŪ¤Ë´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬ 1Â椷¤«¤Ê¤¤¡¤¤È¤¤¤¦¾õÂ֤Ϥ¢¤Þ¤ê¤Ë¤â¿´ºÙ¤¯¡¤Èò¤±¤ë¤Ù¤¤Ç¤¢¤ë.
¤½¤³¤Ç¡¤¸øŪ¤Ê DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï´ðËÜŪ¤Ë2²Õ½ê°Ê¾å¤Ë¿½Å²½¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ¤¤¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç dig Åù¤Ç DNS ¾ðÊó¤ò¸«¤¿¤È¤¤Ë¡¤¤É¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ÎôÅö¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤âÊ£¿ô¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤ò»×¤¤½Ð¤½¤¦.
¤½¤·¤Æ¡¤Â¿½Å²½¤·¤¿ºÝ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÎÀ°¹çÀ¤ä¹¹¿·¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¤¤¤Á¤ó¤È¤·¤¿»ÅÁȤߤ¬¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë.
¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¤1¤Ä¤Î¥¾¡¼¥ó(1¤Ä¤Î DNS ¾ðÊó¤ÎÀÕǤÈϰϤȻפ¨¤Ð¤è¤¤)¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¤¤½¤Î¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¾ðÊó¤ò¤â¤Ä¥µ¡¼¥Ð ''¥Þ¥¹¥¿¡¼¥µ¡¼¥Ð'' ¤ò1Âæ¤È¡¤¤½¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¾ðÊó¤ò¤â¤Ä¥µ¡¼¥Ð ''¥¹¥ì¡¼¥Ö¥µ¡¼¥Ð'' ¤ò 1Âæ°Ê¾åÍÑ°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡¤¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¸½¤µ¤ì¤ë.
¤½¤¦¤·¤Æ¡¤¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¾ðÊ󤬥ޥ¹¥¿¡¼¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤«¤é¥¹¥ì¡¼¥Ö¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÄê´üŪ¤Ê¤¤¤·¤Ï¹¹¿·»þ¤Ë¤¹¤°¥³¥Ô¡¼¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤¤³¤ì¤éÊ£¿ô¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¤Û¤ÜƱ¤¸¾ðÊó¤ò»ý¤Ä»ÅÁȤߤˤʤäƤ¤¤ë.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥¾¡¼¥óžÁ÷¤È¤¤¤¦.¥¾¡¼¥óžÁ÷¤â DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î»Å»ö¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¤¿Í´Ö¤¬¼ê¤ò²¼¤¹É¬ÍפÏÆäˤʤ¤.
¤Ê¤ª¡¤DNS Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¹Ô¤¦¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤«¤é¸«¤ë¤È¥Þ¥¹¥¿¡¼¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤«¥¹¥ì¡¼¥Ö¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤«¤Î¶èÊ̤Ϥ¢¤Þ¤ê̵¤¯¡¤Ã±¤Ë¡ÖÁ᤯Åú¤¨¤¿Åۡפʤɤ«¤éÅú¤¨¤òÆÀ¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë.
* DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¿Æ»Ò´Ø·¸ [#l3e5c2a7]
¼¡¤Ë¡¤DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¿Æ»Ò´Ø·¸¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ½Ò¤Ù¤è¤¦.
³Æ¡¹¤Î DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¶É½êŪ¤Ê¾ðÊó¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤À¤±¤ÇÁ´ÂΤ¬¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤¯»ÅÁȤߤΥݥ¤¥ó¥È¤¬¤³¤ì¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤·¤Ã¤«¤êÍý²ò¤·¤è¤¦.
¤Þ¤º¡¤DNS ¤¬³¬ÁØŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¤¤½¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤â³¬ÁØŪ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÀè¤Î¼ø¶È¤Î ''dig +trace'' ¤ÎÎã¤ÇÍý²ò¤Ç¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤À¤í¤¦.
¤µ¤Æ¡¤¤Ç¤Ï¤½¤Î³¬ÁØ¡¤¿Æ»Ò´Ø·¸(¿Æ¤¬¤è¤êÂ礤ʥɥᥤ¥ó¤ò¡¤»Ò¤Ï¤½¤ÎÃæ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ò´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë)¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë´ÉÍý¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¤«.
¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¤¡Ö¿Æ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¡¤»Ò¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¥µ¥Ö¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ò´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤òÃΤäƤµ¤¨¤¤¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡×¤³¤È¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ´ÉÍý¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); »Ò¤Ï¿Æ¤òľÀÜÃΤëɬÍפϤʤ¤. ¤Ê¤ó¤Ê¤é°ìÈÖ¾å¤ÎÁÄÀè(¥ë¡¼¥È¥µ¡¼¥Ð13Âæ)¤«¤é¤¿¤É¤ì¤ÐºÑ¤à¤Î¤À¤«¤é.
¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¿Æ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¤½¤Î¥¾¡¼¥ó(¥É¥á¥¤¥ó)¾ðÊó¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¡¤»Ò¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë¥¾¡¼¥ó(¥É¥á¥¤¥ó)¤È¤½¤Î»Ò¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÎÂбþ¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ¤³¤ì¤¬ DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð´ÉÍý¤Î°ìÈ֤Υݥ¤¥ó¥È¤À. ¤³¤³¤µ¤¨¤ï¤«¤ì¤Ð¼Â¤Ï¤½¤ó¤Ê¤ËÆñ¤·¤¯¤Ê¤¤.
ʬ¤«¤ê°×¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¶ñÂÎÎã¤Ç½ñ¤³¤¦.
Î㤨¤Ð¡¤¤¢¤ë¿Æ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬ aaa.com ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ò´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¤»Ò¥µ¡¼¥Ð ns.sub.aaa.com(192.168.125.105) ¤¬¥µ¥Ö¥É¥á¥¤¥ó sub.aaa.com ¤ò´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë¤È¤·¤è¤¦.
¤³¤Î»þ¤Ï¡¤¿Æ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Î aaa.com ¥¾¡¼¥ó¾ðÊóÆâ¤Ë
> sub.aaa.com. IN NS ns.sub.aaa.com.
> ns.sub.aaa.com. IN A 192.168.125.105
¤Ê¤É¤È½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë.
&ref(/materials/warning.png); Åö¤¿¤êÁ°¤À¤¬¡¤Æó¹ÔÌܤξðÊ󤬤³¤³¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤«Â¾¤ÎDNS¤«¤é°ú¤±¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¤ns.sub.aaa.com. ¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç°ÕÌ£¤¬¤Ê¤¤.
¤µ¤Æ¡¤¤³¤ÎÏäòµÕ¤Ë¸À¤¨¤Ð¡¤
¡Ö¿Æ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¡¤»Ò¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬(¥µ¥Ö)¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ò´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤òÃΤé¤Ê¤¤¡×= ¡Ö¿Æ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ç¾å¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÀßÄê¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡×
¾õ¶·¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¤½¤Î(¥µ¥Ö)¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï¡Ö»Ò¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËľÀÜÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ë¿Í¤¿¤Á¤·¤«ÃΤé¤Ê¤¤¡×¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤¢¤¯¤Þ¤Ç¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Ê¾ðÊó¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡¥
¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¤Î㤨¤Ð¸¦µæ¼¼Æâ¤ä¼«ÂðÆâ¤Ç¤Î¤ßÄÌÍѤ¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î̾Á°¤ä¥µ¥Ö¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Ê¤É¤Ï¡¤¤³¤¦¤·¤Æ´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë·Á¤Ë¤Ê¤ë.
¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¤¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤³¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¾ðÊó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ³°¤«¤é¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤.
¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¤º£²ó¤Î¼ø¶È¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤Á¤é¤Î·Á¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¹Ô¤¦¡¥
* DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ [#ac9edce7]
// ¤µ¤Æ¡¤DNS server (¾¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤âÎɤ¯»È¤ï¤ì¤ë)¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¡¤ÀßÄꡤ²ÔƯ¤Ë¤¢¤¿¤ê¡¤¤Þ¤º¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«Ãí°ÕÅÀ¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦.
// ** DNS server ¤È¤·¤Æ²¿¤ò»È¤¦¤« [#ofb9e9b3]
DNS server ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¼ç¤Ë BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Daemon) ¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡¥
¤â¤Á¤í¤óÀ¤¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï¾¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤â¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¤BIND ¤ÎÍøÍÑΨ¤Ï¤ª¤è¤½ 90%¤¢¤ë¤È¸À¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¸øŪ¤Ê DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤òÆ°¤«¤¹¤Ê¤é¤Ð BIND ¤Ç¤è¤í¤·¤«¤í¤¦.
¤³¤Î BIND ¤Ï¡¤BSD ͳÍè¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¤FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÇÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤Û¤ÜºÇ¿·¤Î FreeBSD ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ëºî¶È¤ÏÆäËÉÔÍפǤ¢¤ë.
¤¿¤À¤·¡¤¸å½Ò¤¹¤ë¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ÎÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤½¤Î»þÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë BIND ¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤ÏÆä˵¤¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤è¤¦.
¤·¤«¤·¡¤¤³¤Î BIND ¤Ïµ¡Ç½¤¬´°Á´¤Êʬ¤À¤±ÀßÄ꤬¤ä¤äÂçÊѤÀ¡¥
¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¤¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ë´°Á´¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ëÂ絬ÌϤʥ·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï BIND ¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤¬Îɤ¤¤Î¤À¤¬¡¤¶áǯ¤Î DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¼ûÍפϤष¤í¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò¤¢¤Þ¤êÅϤµ¤Ê¤¤·Á¤ÎDNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¡¤¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á LAN ¤Î¡ÖÆ⦡׸þ¤±¤Î¤â¤Î¤ÎÊý¤¬Â¿¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡¥
¤³¤ì¤ÏÀè¤ËÎã¤Ëµó¤²¤¿¡¤Âç³Ø¤Î¸¦µæ¼¼ÆâÉô¤ä¡¤¸Ä¿Í¤Î¼«ÂðÆ⡤Ãæ¾®´ë¶È¤Î¼ÒÆâ¸þ¤± DNS¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ê¤É¤¬³ºÅö¤¹¤ë¡¥
¤³¤¦¤·¤¿¡Ö³°¤Ë¸þ¤±¤Æ¾ðÊó¤òÅÁ¤¨¤ëɬÍפÎ̵¤¤¡×¡¤¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡ÖDNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¿Æ»Ò´Ø·¸¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡×DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¤è¤ê¥·¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ç»È¤¤¤ä¤¹¤¤¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ ''dnsmasq'' ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Çº£²ó¤Ï¤½¤Á¤é¤ò»È¤ª¤¦¡¥
&ref(/materials/warning.png); dnsmasq ¤Ë¤Ï DHCP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤Æ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤â¤¢¤ê¡¤DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È DHCP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¼«Á³¤ËÅý¹ç¤Ç¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï BIND ¤è¤êÍ¥¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¥DHCP ¥µ¡¼¥ÐÉôʬ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ïº£²ó¤Ï²òÀ⤷¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¤¾å¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ê¾®¤µ¤Ê´Ä¶¤Ç»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤ÏÊØÍø¤Ê¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¤Ä´¤Ù¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤È¤è¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡¥
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ¼Â¤Ï¡¤³§¤¬¼«Âð¤ÇƳÆþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥ë¡¼¥¿¡¼(¿¤¯¤Ï·ÀÌ󤷤Ƥ¤¤ë¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤«¤é¤Î¥ì¥ó¥¿¥ë¤À¤í¤¦)ÍѤÎÍ̾¤Ê¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à OpenWRT ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤Î dnsmasq ¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¡¥
¤Ê¤ª¡¤BIND ¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¤Á°Ç¯Å٤μø¶È»ñÎÁ¤ò»²¾È¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¤¡¥
* dnsmasq ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ÈÀßÄê [#vdc0b9b5]
** ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ëÁ°¤Î½àÈ÷ [#f11eeaed]
¤Þ¤º¤ÏÀè¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤¿ BIND ¤¬´û¤ËÆ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤ê¤·¤Ê¤¤¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤è¤¦¡¥
lsof -i4 | less
ps -axuww | less
¤Ê¤É¤È¤·¤Æ¡¤"named" ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó(BIND ¤Î¤³¤È)¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«³Îǧ¤·¤è¤¦¡¥
&ref(/materials/warning.png);º®Í𤷤¬¤Á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¤BIND ¤¬ºî¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï named (̾Á°²ò·è¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¡¤¤È¤Ç¤â»×¤¨¤Ð¤è¤¤¤À¤í¤¦)¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¤¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤ä¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê̾¤Ï´ðËÜŪ¤Ë "named" ¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Î¤ÇÃí°Õ¤·¤¿¤¤.
¤½¤·¤Æ BIND ¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ï ''kill'' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ê¤É¤òÍѤ¤¤ÆÆ°ºî¤òÄä¤á¡¤¤µ¤é¤Ë /etc/rc.conf ¤ò½¤Àµ¤·¤Æ¼¡²óµ¯Æ°»þ¤«¤é¤Ï BIND ¤¬Æ°¤«¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤è¤¦(BIND ¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð¤ª¤½¤é¤¯ rc.conf Ãæ¤Ë ''named_enable="YES"'' ¤È¤¤¤¦ÀßÄ꤬¤¢¤ë¤Ï¤º¤À¤«¤é¤³¤ÎÀßÄê¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ì¤ÐÎɤ¤)¡¥
&ref(/materials/warning.png); BIND ¤ò¥¢¥ó¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¡¥
&br;
** ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë [#ecb4d832]
¤¤¤Ä¤â¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë portsnap ¤ò¤¤Á¤ó¤È¤·¤Æ¤«¤é¡¤
portinstall dnsmasq
¤ÇÂç¾æÉפʤϤº¡¥
¤½¤ÎºÝ¡¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òʹ¤«¤ì¤ë¤¬¡¤
&ref(./dnsmasq-options.png);
¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë IPv6 ¤ò³°¤·¤Æ¤ª¤±¤Ð¤è¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡¥
¤µ¤Æ¡¤¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë»þ¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸(¥í¥°¤ò¸«¤ë¤ÈÎɤ¤)¤Ç½ÅÍפ½¤¦¤Ê¤Î¤Ï
> *** To enable dnsmasq, edit /usr/local/etc/dnsmasq.conf and
> *** set dnsmasq_enable="YES" in /etc/rc.conf[.local]
¤È
> ===> SECURITY REPORT:
> This port has installed the following files which may act as network
> servers and may therefore pose a remote security risk to the system.
> /usr/local/sbin/dnsmasq
> &br;
> This port has installed the following startup scripts which may cause
> these network services to be started at boot time.
> /usr/local/etc/rc.d/dnsmasq
> &br;
> If there are vulnerabilities in these programs there may be a security
> risk to the system. FreeBSD makes no guarantee about the security of
> ports included in the Ports Collection. Please type 'make deinstall'
> to deinstall the port if this is a concern.
> &br;
> For more information, and contact details about the security
> status of this software, see the following webpage:
> http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/doc.html
¤È¤¤¤¦¤¢¤¿¤ê¤À¡¥
ºÇ½é¤Î¹àÌܤǡ¤
- dnsmasq ¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï /usr/local/etc/dnsmasq.conf ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¥
- dnsmasq ¤ò͸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¤/etc/rc.conf ¤Ë dnsmasq_enable="YES" ¤È½ñ¤±¤ÐÎɤ¤¡¥
¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¡¤¼¡¤Î¹àÌܤÇ
- dnsmasq ¤Îµ¯Æ°¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï /usr/local/etc/rc.d/dnsmasq ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¥
¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¡¥
&br;
** ÀßÄê [#o7a26afd]
¤µ¤Æ¡¤dnsmasq ¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎºÇÄã¸Â¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¤Þ¤º¤Ï¹Ô¤ª¤¦¡¥
dnsmasq ¤ÎÀßÄê¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÏÈó¾ï¤ËÁÇľ¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¤ºÇÄã¸Â¤È¤·¤Æ
- /etc/hosts Ãæ¤Î dnsmasq ¤¬Íý²ò½ÐÍè¤Ê¤¤ÀßÄê¤òºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯
- µ¯Æ°»þ¤Ë dnsmasq ¤¬Æ°ºî¤ò»Ï¤á¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë
- ̾Á°²ò·è¤ò dnsmasq ¤ËÍê¤à¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë
¤È¤¤¤¦ÀßÄê¤À¤±¤·¤Æ¤ª¤±¤Ð¤Þ¤º¤Ï»È¤¨¤ë¤Ï¤º¤À¡¥
&ref(/materials/notes.png); °Ê²¼¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¹Ô¤ª¤¦¡¥
&br;
*** /etc/hosts Ãæ¤Î dnsmasq ¤¬Íý²ò½ÐÍè¤Ê¤¤ÀßÄê¤òºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯ [#s2d51013]
/etc/hosts Ãæ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤IPv6 ¤ÎÀßÄ꤬»þ¡¹Ê¶¤ì¹þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¡¥
Ä̾ï¤ÏÆä˳²¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¤(IPv6 ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò³°¤·¤¿) dnsmasq ¤Ç¤Ï¤½¤¦¤·¤¿ÀßÄ꤬Íý²ò½ÐÍè¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤½¤¦¤·¤¿ÀßÄê¤Ï̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤¿¤Û¤¦¤¬Îɤ¤¡¥
¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤/etc/hosts Ãæ¤Ë
> ::1¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡localhost ¤Û¤²¤Û¤²¡Ä
¤È¤¤¤¦¹Ô¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¤¤³¤Î¹Ô¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë(¤³¤Î¹Ô¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë # ¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¸»ú¤òÆþ¤ì¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤)¡¥
&br;
*** µ¯Æ°»þ¤Ë dnsmasq ¤¬Æ°ºî¤ò»Ï¤á¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë [#ofecbc86]
¤³¤ì¤ÏÀè¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤«¤éÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ê¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¤
dnsmasq_enable="YES"
¤ò ''/etc/rc.conf'' ¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤ÆºÆµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡¥
&br;
*** ̾Á°²ò·è¤ò dnsmasq ¤ËÍê¤à¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë [#l45c17bb]
/etc/resolv.conf ¤Î''ÀèƬ¹Ô''¤Ë
server=127.0.0.1
nameserver 127.0.0.1
¤ò½ñ¤¤³¤ó¤Ç¤ª¤±¤Ð¡¤DNS ¤Î̾Á°²ò·è¤ò¤Þ¤º¤Ï(¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤Î¾å¤ÇÆ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë) dnsmasq ¤ËÍê¤à¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡¥
&ref(/materials/warning.png); IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ 127.0.0.1 ¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤Î¤³¤È¤À¡¥
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ¤³¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï¡¤"server=" ¤È¤¤¤¦ÀßÄê¤ÎÃæ¤ÇºÇ½é¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤³¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¤''ÀèƬ¹Ô''¤Ë¤È¤¤¤¦»Ø¼¨¤Ë¤Ï°ÕÌ£¤¬¤¢¤ë¡¥
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ´û¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Î "server=" ¤È¤¤¤¦ÀßÄê¤Ï½ñ¤´¹¤¨¤¿¤ê¾Ã¤·¤¿¤ê¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¡ª ¤³¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï¡¤dnsmasq ¤¬¡Ö³°¤Ø¾ðÊó¤òʹ¤¤Ë¹Ô¤¯¡×¤È¤¤Ë»È¤¦¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤³¤ì¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤È DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤Æ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É°ÕÌ£¤¬¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡¥
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ¤³¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï¡¤"nameserver ..." ¤È¤¤¤¦ÀßÄê¤ÎÃæ¤ÇºÇ½é¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤³¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¤''ÀèƬ¹Ô''¤Ë¤È¤¤¤¦»Ø¼¨¤Ë¤Ï°ÕÌ£¤¬¤¢¤ë¡¥
&ref(/materials/warning.png); ´û¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Î "nameserver ..." ¤È¤¤¤¦ÀßÄê¤Ï½ñ¤´¹¤¨¤¿¤ê¾Ã¤·¤¿¤ê¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¡ª ¤³¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï¡¤dnsmasq ¤¬¡Ö³°¤Ø¾ðÊó¤òʹ¤¤Ë¹Ô¤¯¡×¤È¤¤Ë»È¤¦¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤³¤ì¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤È DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤Æ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É°ÕÌ£¤¬¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡¥
&br;
*** dnsmasq ¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«³Îǧ [#gde6ae0b]
BIND ¤ÎÆ°ºî¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿»þƱÍͤˡ¤
lsof -i4 | less
ps -axuww | less
¤È¤·¤Æ dnsmasq ¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤è¤¦¡¥
Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ê¤é¤ÐÀßÄê¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤è¤¦¡¥
&br;
** Æ°¤«¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë [#mfdeba53]
¤µ¤Æ¡¤´û¤Ë dnsmasq ¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð¤³¤ì¤À¤±¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç°Õ¼±¤»¤º¤Ë dnsmasq ¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤Ï¤º¤À¡¥
¤½¤³¤Ç¡¤°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¡¥
Î㤨¤Ð¡¤
dig www.osaka-u.ac.jp
¤È¤¹¤ì¤Ð
> ; <<>> DiG 9.6.2-P2 <<>> www.osaka-u.ac.jp
> ;; global options: +cmd
> ;; Got answer:
> ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 10480
> ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
> &br;
> ;; QUESTION SECTION:
> ;www.osaka-u.ac.jp. IN A
> &br;
> ;; ANSWER SECTION:
> www.osaka-u.ac.jp. 58211 IN A 133.1.8.5
> &br;
> ;; Query time: 0 msec
> ;; SERVER: &color(red){127.0.0.1};#53(127.0.0.1)
> ;; WHEN: Wed Jan 26 19:41:24 2011
> ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 51
¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¤127.0.0.1(¼«Ê¬¼«¿È)¤¬²òÅú¤òÊÖ¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¤¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤Î¾å¤Ç DNS ²ò·è¤ò¹Ô¤¦¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¤dnsmasq ¤¬Åú¤¨¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¡¥
&br;
* dnsmasq ¤¬´É³í¤¹¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¾ðÊó¤òÄɲ䷤Ƥߤ褦 [#r97cd414]
ÀßÄ꤬¤ä¤äÌÌÅÝ¤Ê BIND ¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ê¡¤dnsmasq ¤Ç¤Ï dnsmasq ¤¬´É³í¤¹¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¾ðÊó¤Ï /etc/hosts ¤Ë½ñ¤²Ã¤¨¤ë¤À¤±¤ÇÎɤ¤¡¥
¤½¤³¤Ç¡¤¤½¤Îºî¶È¤ò¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¡¥
¸Ä¿Í¸Ä¿Í¤Ç°Û¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¡¤/etc/hosts ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¡¤
| ¹àÌÜ | ÀßÄêÃÍ | È÷¹Í |h
| Äɲ乤ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾(3¤Ä) | sub&color(red){01};-º£¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾ ¤«¤é sub&color(red){03};-º£¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾ | Î㤨¤Ð¡¤q05.cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤Ï¡¤sub01-q05.cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp, sub02-q05.cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp, sub03-q05.cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp ¤Î3¤Ä¡¥|
| ¤½¤ì¤é¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î IP | 192.168.125.&color(red){110+(3*PCÈÖ¹æ)}; ¤«¤é 192.168.125.&color(red){112+(3*PCÈÖ¹æ)}; ¤Î3¤Ä¡¥| Î㤨¤Ð q05 ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤Ï¡¤192.168.125.125, 192.168.125.126, 192.168.125.127 ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡¥ |
¤ÎÀßÄê¤òÄɲ䷤褦¡¥
¤³¤ì¤Ï¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤Î㤨¤Ð ''q05 ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤Ï''
192.168.125.125¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sub01-q05 sub01-q05.cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp
192.168.125.126¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sub02-q05 sub02-q05.cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp
192.168.125.127¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sub03-q05 sub03-q05.cl.math.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp
¤È¤¤¤¦3¹Ô¤ò½ñ¤¹þ¤à¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë(IP ¤È¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Î´Ö¤Ï¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¥¿¥Ö2¤Ä¤°¤é¤¤¤Ç¶èÀÚ¤ë¤Î¤¬Îɤ¤¤À¤í¤¦)¡¥
¤³¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¤¢¤È¡¤½ñ¤´¹¤¨¤¿ÀßÄê¤òÆɤ߹þ¤Þ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë dnsmasq ¤òºÆµ¯Æ°¤·¤Æ¤ª¤³¤¦¡¥¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/dnsmasq restart
¤È¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡¥
&br;
** Äɲä·¤¿¾ðÊó¤ò¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤¬ÃΤ뤳¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤è¤¦ [#l50acaf8]
dig ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤è¤¦¡¥
Î㤨¤Ð¡¤q05 ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤Ï¡¤
dig sub02-q05
¤Ê¤É¤È¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¡¥
ÊÖÅú¤Î ANSWER SECTION ¤ËÀµ¤·¤¤Åú¤¨¤¬Ê֤äƤ¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¤¤¤Á¤ó¤ÈÆ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬³Îǧ¤Ç¤¤ë¡¥
&br;
** Äɲä·¤¿¾ðÊó¤ò¾¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬(ľÀÜ)Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤é¤ì¤ë¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤è¤¦ [#d7a90ef6]
¼«Ê¬¤Î /etc/hosts ¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤¿¾ðÊó¤ò¼«Ê¬¤Ç°ú¤±¤ë¤Î¤Ï DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È´Ø·¸¤Ê¤¯¤â¤È¤«¤é¤Ç¤¤ë¤³¤È¤À¤«¤é¡¤¤³¤³¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ç¤Ï DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð dnsmasq ¤òƳÆþ¤·¤¿¤¢¤ê¤¬¤¿¤ß¤¬¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¡¥
¤½¤³¤Ç¡¤dnsmasq ¤¬ LAN Æâ¤Î DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤ÆÆ°¤¯¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤òÄϤि¤á¤Ë¡¤Â¾¤Î¿Í¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¡¥
Î㤨¤Ð¡¤q05 ''°Ê³°'' ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤¬ q05 ¤ò DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¦¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤Ç¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¤
dig @q05 sub03-q05
¤È¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡¥
ÊÖÅú¤Î ANSWER SECTION ¤ËÀµ¤·¤¤Åú¤¨¤¬Ê֤äƤ¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¤q05 ¤¬(ÈÆÍÑ) DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤È q05 ¤Î¾å¤ÇÀßÄꤷ¤¿ÃͤòÃΤ뤳¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¡¥
&br;
* ¥ì¥Ý¡¼¥È [#ofa42568]
ÅÓÃæ¤Ç¡ÖÄ´¤Ù¤è¡×Åù¤È»Ø¼¨¤µ¤ì¤¿»ö¹à¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÄ´ºº¤ò¹Ô¤¤¡¤Êó¹ð¤»¤è.
¤â¤Á¤í¤ó³Æ¼«¤Î
+ ½ê°(³ØÉô¡¤³Ø²Ê)
+ ³ØÀÒÈÖ¹æ
+ ³Øǯ
+ »á̾
+ Æü»þ
+ ´Î¿´¤Î¥ì¥Ý¡¼¥ÈÆâÍÆ(ÆÀ¤¿Ãθ«¡¤ºî¶È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æµ¤¤Å¤¤¤¿¤³¤ÈÅù)
¤ò½ñ¤¯¤Î¤ò˺¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë.
* about Icons, ClipArts [#r00c46e7]
Some icons in this page are downloadable at [[ICONFINDER:http://www.iconfinder.net/]].
The "note" icon &ref(/materials/notes.png); designed by [[Marco Martin:http://www.notmart.org/]] is distributed with the LGPL licence,
the "warning" icon &ref(/materials/warning.png); designed by [[Alexandre Moore:http://nuovext.pwsp.net/]] with the GPL licence
and the "triangle" icon &ref(/materials/JNorth_arrow-right-sm.png); designed by [[Joseph North:http://sweetie.sublink.ca/]] is distributed with the [[Creative Commons (Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported):http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/]] licence.
Some clip arts used in this page are downloadable at [[Open Clip Art Library:http://www.openclipart.org/]].
We deeply appreciate their superb works. With licence, they describe that "the actual clipart content on open clipart library is Public domain" in the web.
// ¨¬¨¨®¨¯¨°¨±¨²¨³¨´¨µ¨¶
// ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥óÆþÎϤϡֹÔƬ¤ò¥Ö¥é¥ó¥¯¤Ç»Ï¤á¤ë¡×.
// ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó½ÐÎϤϡֹÔƬ¤ò > ¤Ç»Ï¤á¤ë¡×.
// ¼Â½¬¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó
// &ref(/materials/notes.png);
// Ãí°Õ¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó
// &ref(/materials/warning.png);
// Link ¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó
// &ref(/materials/JNorth_arrow-right-sm.png);
// OK ¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó
// &ref(/materials/OK.png);
// NG ¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó
// &ref(/materials/NG.png);
// Âçʸ»ú¤Ç¤Î¶¯Ä´
// CENTER:&size(24){''¤Û¤²¤Û¤²''};
// programu source ɽµ
// #highlighter(language=ruby,number=on,cache=on){{}}